Dental disease is one of the most common, and most preventable, health issues in pets and make up a large part of what we do in general vet practice. Just like humans, cats and dogs need regular dental care. Without it, they can develop dental disease, which not only affects their mouth but can impact their overall wellbeing. The good news is that with a few simple, consistent habits, you can significantly reduce your pet’s risk.

In this article, we’ll explain what dental disease is, why prevention matters, and five effective ways to protect your pet’s oral health.

What Is Dental Disease in Pets?

Dental disease, also called periodontal disease, begins when plaque (a sticky film of bacteria) builds up on your pet’s teeth. Over time, plaque hardens into tartar, also known as calculus, leading to inflammation of the gums (gingivitis), infection, pain, and eventually tooth loss. If left untreated, the bacteria can enter the bloodstream and damage organs like the heart and kidneys.

More than 80% of dogs and 70% of cats show signs of dental disease by 3 years of age.

Common signs of dental disease in pets include:

Bad breath
Visible plaque and tartar
Red or bleeding gums
Difficulty chewing
Pawing at the mouth
Loose or missing teeth

Why Preventing Dental Disease Matters

It reduces pain and discomfort.
Dental disease can be painful, especially when eating.
It lowers long-term vet costs.
Preventative care helps reduce the need for costly dental cleaning and treatments.
It supports whole-body health.
Bacteria from the mouth can affect vital organs, including the heart and kidneys.
It improves quality of life.
Healthy teeth and gums contribute to better energy, appetite, and mood.

5 Ways to Prevent Dental Disease in Pets

Dental disease doesn’t happen overnight and preventing it is easier than treating it later. Here’s how to take action before problems start:

1. Brush Your Pet’s Teeth

Brushing daily is the single best thing you can do at home to protect your pet’s dental health.

It’s the most effective way to prevent plaque from turning into tartar. Regular brushing physically removes plaque before it hardens.

How to start: Start slowly. Begin by letting your pet lick the toothpaste off, then gradually introduce the brush. Lift the upper lip and brush all surfaces of the teeth and gums.
How often: Aim to brush your pet’s teeth every day.
What to use: Use an extra soft bristle toothbrush or silicone finger brush. Always use pet-safe toothpaste (never human toothpaste). Choose a pet toothpaste recommended by your veterinarian or approved by the VOHC (Veterinary Oral Health Council). Approved products will display a seal of approval on their packaging. Learn more about the VOHC below.

⚠ CAUTION: Human toothpaste can be dangerous for dogs and cats.

Pets swallow toothpaste unlike us, so any harmful ingredients go straight into their system. Harmful ingredients can include xylitol (a sugar substitute), fluoride, detergents, foaming agents (like sodium lauryl sulfate), strong flavourings or essential oils. The safest and most effective choice is a toothpaste made specifically for pets, ideally one that is enzymatic (contains enzymes to help break down plaque and bacteria).

Veterinary Oral Health Council (VOHC) seal of approval as it appears on packaging — **Veterinary Oral Health Council Seal -** Displayed on packaging of approved products.

What is the VOHC Seal of Approval?
The Veterinary Oral Health Council (VOHC) awards its Seal of Approval to pet dental products that meet specific standards for reducing plaque or tartar. To earn the seal, companies voluntarily submit scientific studies for independent review and pay a fee for the evaluation process. Products that pass are considered scientifically proven to “reduce the severity of periodontal disease in pets” when used regularly.

It’s worth noting that not all effective products carry the VOHC seal—some may not have undergone the formal submission and review process, which can be costly and time-intensive. The seal simply indicates that a product has been independently reviewed and met the VOHC’s testing requirements.

A list of VOHC approved products can be found here.

2. Offer Dental Chews and Toys

Boston terrier dog chewing on appropriately sized dental chew toy to prevent dental disease

Chewing is a natural way for pets to clean their teeth. Specially designed dental chews and toys help scrape away soft plaque and stimulate the gums.

What to look for: The size, shape, and hardness of a dental chew directly affect both its safety and effectiveness.

If a chew is too small for your pet, they may be able to swallow it whole without chewing. This eliminates its dental benefit and can pose serious risks including choking and gastrointestinal blockages.
If a chew is too hard or dense for your pet (like certain bones, antlers, or hooves), they can lead to cracked or fractured teeth. A general rule amongst vets is “if you wouldn’t want to be hit on the knee with it, you shouldn’t feed it to your pet” as you risk breaking their teeth.
Consider dental treats or chews approved by the VOHC (Veterinary Oral Health Council). Approved products will display a seal of approval on their packaging.

3. Use Water Additives

Water additives are like a mouthwash for pets. They are added to your pet’s drinking water to help reduce bacteria in the mouth and slow plaque formation.

How they work: Water additives contain antibacterial agents that reduce oral bacteria and freshen breath. Simply pour the recommended amount into your pet’s water bowl each day. It’s a passive but effective way to support oral health, especially when combined with brushing or dental chews.
What to look for: Not all additives are created equal. Choose one approved by the VOHC (Veterinary Oral Health Council). Approved products will display a seal of approval on their packaging.

4. Feed a Dental Diet

Some pet foods are specially designed to support oral health. These dental diets work through both nutritional and mechanical action.

How they work: Dental kibble (dry-food) are made with a unique shape and texture that cleans the teeth as your pet chews. Some also contain ingredients that help reduce plaque-forming bacteria.
Vet-recommended products: Many are prescription-only because of their specific design and benefits. Ask your vet whether a dental diet might be appropriate for your pet. They will be able to advise you on which product is specifically recommended.

5. Schedule Regular Dental Exams with Your Vet

Your pet’s mouth should be examined regularly by a veterinarian. Even with the best at-home dental care, most pets will still need a professional scale and polish at some point in their lives. Prevention is always better than cure, but when treatment is needed, catching issues early saves your pet from pain and reduces costly treatments.

What happens during a dental check: Your vet will examine your pet’s teeth and gums for signs of plaque, tartar, inflammation, loose teeth, or oral pain. They may recommend professional dental care under anaesthesia.
Why it matters: Some dental disease lies below the gum line, where you can’t see it. During a dental check, your veterinarian can detect signs of dental disease, often before your pet shows any symptoms at home. If problems are found, they may recommend a dental procedure under anaesthesia to thoroughly clean the teeth, take x-rays, and perform any necessary treatments.
How often: Dental exams should be included as part of your pet’s routine health checks. More frequent dental checks may be recommended for some pets. Many veterinary hospitals offer free dental checks between routine health appointments. Take advantage of these.

Preventative Care ≠ Treatment of Existing Dental Disease

It’s important to remember that preventative dental care is just that. Brushing, chews, water additives, and dental diets are designed to remove plaque before tartar develops. They don’t remove hardened tartar or treat existing dental disease. If your pet already has visible tartar, bad breath, red gums, or signs of oral discomfort, they’ll need a professional dental procedure to clean the teeth properly and check for any disease below the surface. Starting with a clean slate ensures your pet is healthy and safe before you begin a home care routine.

Home Dental Care Tips

Start young. It’s easier to train a kitten or puppy to accept tooth brushing. This does not mean you can’t start later in life though. Starting late is better than never. It may just take a bit longer for your adult pet to become used to the new routine.
Make it a routine. Dental care should be a regular habit. Consistency is key.
Watch for warning signs. Bad breath, drooling, red gums, pawing at the mouth, or a change in eating habits can all point to dental disease. Book a veterinary check if you notice any of these signs.

Large dog with mouth held open for tooth brushing to prevent plaque and tartar and promote oral health.png

Take Charge of Your Pet’s Oral Health

Preventative dental care isn’t just about fresh breath, it’s a cornerstone of your pet’s long-term wellbeing. With just a few minutes a day and the right products, you can help your dog or cat live a longer, more comfortable life.

Your dog or cat’s dental care is a key part of responsible pet ownership.

Contact your veterinary hospital to book your pet in for a dental checkup (many offer these appointments for free) and ask your vet about the best dental care plan for your cat or dog. Taking this first step is one of the best things you can do to take control of your pet’s long-term health, and it’s never too late to start.

How to Prevent Dental Disease in Dogs and Cats